During October 1962, the planet edged nearer toward ruin than at any other point during recent history. This occurred following the discovery that an American surveillance plane identified that Russian atomic weapon sites were under construction on the island of Cuba, a mere 160 kilometers off the coast of the United States. In response, U.S. President JFK commanded the US Navy’s Sixth Fleet to establish a naval quarantine around Cuba. What followed was almost two weeks of impossible tension.
The danger remained clear. If Kennedy, or else his Soviet counterpart, Premier Khrushchev, initiated an attack on the other side, a series involving worldwide nuclear strikes and retaliatory strikes would have ensued, thrusting humanity toward total ruination.
This pivotal 1962 event has been covered repeatedly, through volumes, films, and television programmes. But, in its latest installment, the audio documentary series The Bomb has brought an unprecedented dimension into this historical narrative. The series is jointly hosted by Kennedy's relative and Nina Khrushcheva, family members of the figures that, for two tense weeks, grasped the destiny of the world in their hands.
"What was the Russians considering? What was Washington planning?" questions Khrushcheva, the Soviet leader's great-granddaughter and an academic of international affairs.
In her view, the beauty of the show is its endeavor to explore: "How can nations hate each other and go against each other?"
"I am acutely aware how remarkable the fact that people have the potential to be friends or have the potential to be complete enemies," remarks Kennedy, the son of Robert Kennedy, related to the late president and currently an author as well as attorney. "We see this dynamic over and over when countries enter into conflict, highlighting the profound irrationality involved to fight."
What is striking regarding the Cuban missile crisis is that, because it unfolded so publicly, citizens globally could watch nearly in real time as it crept closer to armageddon. However, the danger of destruction was more imminent than anybody understood at the time.
"The overwhelming majority among Kennedy's advisors were advocating for an airstrike followed by a ground invasion," notes Max Kennedy. "If we had attacked the Cubans using the naval blockade, undoubtedly Soviet forces on the ground would have launched a nuclear warhead at the American ships, and that would've obliterated our aircraft carriers and destroyed America's largest and most important naval force. And, we would have retaliated with an overwhelming counterattack that would have eradicated all life on the planet."
The reality this did not occur is a testament to Kennedy and Khrushchev, who managed to exercise restraint while calmly negotiate when everyone around them was pushing for military action. As a result, The Soviet premier removed the missiles from Cuba while President Kennedy (a fact not publicly disclosed at the time) removed American similar weapons from NATO ally Turkey. The relief was palpable, matched by the sense of optimism.
Yet, for those 13 days of October 1962, the fear was felt globally. The podcast's co-hosts came into the world shortly after the crisis, with Nina learned about it through the Soviet school curriculum, which painted an alternative narrative of what happened.
"You said your father remembers it, describing it as a frightening day," Khrushcheva notes. "However for Soviet citizens, the public were largely unaware that much regarding the crisis, since it was a crisis, whereas under the Soviet system we were told that everything was always wonderful or positive."
Within the Khrushchev household, though, the perspective was distinct. "They told me that it was a triumphant occasion it was, as it was eyeball to eyeball. They were able to find a solution, and didn’t start the war, which was a wonderful outcome," she continues. Later on, though, that view was not held by everybody. "For a long time within Russian historical analysis, the crisis was viewed as a defeat for the Soviet leader, simply he refrained from destroying the United States."
The Bomb is so balanced , well produced that Nina jokes it almost made her forget she already knew outcome. This effect is, in part, thanks to the participation of historians. But, truly, the most significant aspect is the participation of the descendants. Even within living memory, it would be inconceivable for descendants of the heads of state of America and Soviet Union would appear together publicly. The fact that Max Kennedy and Nina Khrushcheva can do that, and exhibit such warmth toward one another, has to be a sign of hope.
"We are not the first," notes Khrushcheva. "Following 1991, a relative moved to America where he became great friends with Dwight Eisenhower’s children."
"But we were strangers before the podcast," clarifies Max. "That is a shame because we got along really well and we are friends, something that is really great. Finally, following almost 60 years since almost destroying the planet, our families are now friends, so I think global relations is safer, somewhat."
Or is it? Part of why this series feels so necessary is because we now are living living through dark times. The Doomsday Clock is closer to midnight than ever before, in part because world leaders appear not to have the capacity to grasp